Societies, Social Inequalities and Marginalization: Marginal Regions in the 21st Century

Understanding social factors and inequalities in health: 20th century progress and 21st century prospects.

The development of social epidemiology and medical sociology over the last half of the 20th century, in which Leo Reeder played a central role, transformed scientific and popular understanding of the nature and causes of physical health and illness. Viewed in the early 1950s as shaped almost entirely by biological processes and medical care, physical health and illness are now understood to be ...

O2- Gifted Identification in the 21st Century

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Medical Education in 21st-century

Medical education play an important role in health of people in 20st-century, but this system has to change overtime. Medical education must respond to not only the demand of community at larg but also to changing in new technologies. Medical education have been criticized in last two decades of 20st-century, because of producing too many specialists focus on treatment instead of health, insuf...

The Challenges of Cognitive Neuroscience in the 21st Century

Retooling Social Security for the 21st century.

Because of the imbalance between promised benefits and available taxes, some reform of Social Security is inevitable. At the same time, perceptions of Social Security are changing rapidly as it moves away from a system where all recipients--whether rich or poor--received more in benefits than they paid in taxes, and where those who were richer consistently received larger net transfers than tho...